Como utilizar "unless"

"Unless" significa o mesmo que if + not. Assim como com o termo "if", "unless" é seguido por um verbo no presente, no passado ou no "past perfect" (ele nunca é seguido por um condicional). "Unless" é empregado em vez de if + not em orações condicionais de todos os tipos. A ordem dos elementos não importa nas orações que utilizam unless.

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Condicional tipo 1: "Unless" + presente

Com "If"	Equivalente com "Unless"
You will be sick if you don't stop eating.	You'll be sick unless you stop eating.
I won't pay if you don't provide the goods immediately.	I won't pay unless you provide the goods immediately.
If you don't study diligently, you'll never understand trigonometry.	Unless you study diligently, you'll never understand trigonometry.

Condicional tipo 2: "Unless" + passado

Com "If"	Equivalente com "Unless"
If he wasn't very ill, he would be at work.	Unless he was very ill, he would be at work.
I wouldn't eat that food if I wasn't really hungry.	I wouldn't eat that food unless I was really hungry.
She would be here by now if she wasn't stuck in traffic.	She would be here by now unless she was stuck in traffic.

Condicional tipo 3: "Unless" + "past perfect"

Com "If"	Equivalente com "Unless"
Our director would not have signed the contract if she hadn't had a lawyer present.	Our director would not have signed the contract unless she had had a lawyer present.
I wouldn't have phoned him if you hadn't suggested it.	I wouldn't have phoned him unless you'd suggested it.
They would have shot her if she hadn't given them the money.	They would have shot her unless she'd given them the money.